Engine



e. w. SWARTZ.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. I916.

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

e. w. SWARTZ.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21, I916.

1,351 544. Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

G. W. SWAHTZ.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0cT.2I, 1916.

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

8 SHEETS SHEET 3.

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' e. w. SWARTZ.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. 1916.

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

8 SHEEl'S-SHEET 4.

G. W. SWARTZ.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21, 1916- ],,35 1,544, Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Hll H G. W. SWARTZ.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21, I916.

8 SHEETSSHEET 6.

Patented Aug.

w r w w G. W. SWARTZ.

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v APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. 191-6- 1,35 1,544. Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

8 SHEETSSHEET l- G. W. SWARTZ.

ENGINE.

- I APPLICATION FILED OCT. 2|, 1916. 1 35 1 544, Patented Aug. 31,- 1920.

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UNITED STA ES? mam orFiCE-v GEORGE W.:SWARTZ, or PEOR'IA, ILLINOIS.

To all whom it may concern: I V

7 Be it known that I, GEORGE. W. SWARTZ, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Peoria, county of Peoria, and State of Illinois, have invented a" neweand useful Improvement in Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in engines and particularly internal combustion engines and the principal object is ed, water circulating through thejacket and the attainment of greater efficiency.

Another object of my invention is the provision of an engine of this type'in which the temperature is maintained {practicallyuniformly throughout and at the highest possible point, the maximum part of the heat generated being utilized in the production of power. v

A further object of this invention is the provision offla structure wherein the heat generated by the combustion oft-he fuel and the heat of the exhaust 'g-ases is utilized to raise the temperature of a' body of water which is introduced into the engine in the form of hot water or steam, so that the power strokes of the piston are alternately fuel and steam imparted. 4

Another object of'this invention is'the provision of an internal combustion engine which utilizes a' hydrocarbon fuel or the like for alternate power strokes, the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel being utilized to raise the temperatureof a body of water, this hot water being injected into the cylinder at every alternate power stroke, and expanding or exploding .into steam to give impetus to the piston, this are rangement also preventing the deposit of scale carbon or other solid matter on the piston head or in the combustion chamber, and also maintaining all parts of the engine which are exposed to the heat of the fuel at the highest practical constant temperature.

Heretofore, in internal combustion engines, using fuel of hydrocarbon or the like, means is provided, usually the form of a water jacket or the like, or in the form of air cooling, for absorbing, carrying away and radiating the excess heat, generated by the combustion of the fuel, and thisheat is wasted Without any use-being made of its energy. This naturally results in low efficiency and wasteful fuel consumption, and

in view of this condition, I have evolved water.

Specification of Le -1 :ters-Patent. Pttfittild Aug.- 31, 1920. I Application. filed Oet01ier21,.,116. Serial na zasssr l r the construction disclosed in this applica 'tion, which designed on the following principle.

" In-theform disclosed, I use a reciprocat heater automatically on the therfnosiphon system and the quantity of water in the boiler and system being automatically controlled by a water pump and controlling float, so as to prevent sudden cooling of the The engine drives an air compres sor to maintain a'suitable supply of air under pressure in a tank or other receiver (not shown). Injectors are provided for injecting the fuel and thehot water intothe cylinder, these injectors being suitablycontrolled and timedfiso as to admit a charge of fuel and a'charge of hot wa ter on the al' ternate power strokes of the piston, air being supplied thereto under pressure so as to" atomizer the fuel and water and to force the same into thef'c'ylinder under pressure, the amount of hot water-admitted being controlled by a thermostat and the amount of fuel by a governor mounted on the camshaft or othersuitable place. Cams on the cam-shaft operate suitable valves for controlling the admission and exhaust of the fuel, hot water, steam and hot gases to and from the cylinder. The cylinder is provided with an air jackethaving ports leading thereinto and controlled by a valve so admitted into the cylinder toassist in clearing out the exhaust gases and to form a charge for compression previous to ignition. 1

that atsuitable intervals charges of air are To the accomplishment of the foregoing V and such other objects as may hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the construction, CO Inblnitl'ilOli and arrangement of parts herelnafter described and then sought to be defined in theclaims, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings forming a parthereof, and in which is shown a preferred embodiment of -my lnvention merely for the purpose of illustrative disclosure,

it being expressly understood that various changes may be made in practice within'the scope of the claims without digressing from my inventive idea.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of'one form of construction embodying my invention, parts bemg shown in section to facilitate disclosure;

' Fig. 2 is a top, plan View of the construethe crankcase and boiler, taken substantially on line iof Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section through the crank-case taken substantially on line of Fig. 3 showing the cam-shaft. and related igs. 6 and 7 are detail views of the thermostatic control of water injection;

, Fig. 8 is an elevation of a form of injector adapted for use with this invention;

Fig. 9 is a vertical cross-section on line 11-11 of Fig. 8; i I Fig. 10 is a horizontal cross-section on line l212 of Fig.8; v M

Fig. 11 is a vertical section of the auto matic valve; i

Fig. 12 is ahorizontal section on' line 1&-1!1 of Fig. 11; e Figs. 13 and 1 1 are detailed sectional views at right angles to each other of the water pump. e

Referring now to the drawings, and at first merely generally, the referencecharacter 'A designates the water heater or boiler, which is preferably. of the fire tube type, the crank case connected to cylinder 0 in which piston D reciprocates, and having water jacket E to receive water from the boiler and discharge it to the tank F. G designates an air compressor and H an automatic valve to control the admission of air into the crank case an'd'into passage-way between the crank-case and the cylinder.

' Thisvalve may be positively and mechanically operated. Thermostat K and'the centrifugal' governor control the quantity of air passing through the fuel and hot water injector L and L and consequently the pres-' sure of the air under which the fuel and hot water is injected. Pump M supplies the system with water, which. is preferably admitted at the bottom of the boiler, the pump being operated continuously to supply a small quantity of water, a float being provided in the tank to regulate the quantity automatically. While I have shown these parts in a particular arrangement, it isto' be expressly understood, that this embodiment of my invention is merely illustrative and that I am not to be restricted thereto by construction. The unitary construction of the plant is adapted merely for convenience.

The numeral 1 designates the crank shaft fiy-wheels 4 on either end thereof. It is to having the usual connecting rod 2 to the pisston. The crank shaft is mounted in suitable bearings 3 in the crank case having the airtight joints, the detailed construction of which will be described later, and may have be understood thatthe crank case and: cyly inder are air tight in construction with suitable ports in'the cylinder for the inlet, and exhaust of fuel, hot water and air thereto V and therefrom. The crankshaft has eccentrio 5 secured'thereto for operating the air compressor G, which is of any standard form, having the connection 6 to a suitable air tank or receiver, not shown.

The cam shaft 7 is journaled'in hearings in the crank case above the crank shaft, the joint beingv made air-tight by the 'packings 8, v the detailed description of which will be made hereafter, as shown particularly in Fig. 1, and is driven by means of gears'Q and 10 at one-halfthe speed of the crankshaft. On one end of this cam shaft,"preferably outside of the crank-case, I provide the centrifugal governor 11, (Fig. 5), for

controlling lever 12, which regulates the amount of fuel admitted to the cylinderfas will presently be described. On the other endof the cam shaft, I secure pinion 13' for driving gear 1%, which actuates'the water pump (Fig 3). i a

Mounted on the camshaft are a plurality of cams 15, 16, '17' and 18, the'latter'being a double cam, these cams each actuating one of a series or'plurality of push rods 19, 20, 21 and 22, which pass through suitable bushings 'in the front end of the'cran'k case and extend horizontally over the cylinder.

As stated hereinbefore, cylinder C is pro vided with a water jacket E, which extends 1 for a major portion of the length thereof, having the discharge. connection 23 with the tank F andthe supply connection 2 1 from boiler A. The level of the water in the system and tank F is controlled by float 1 10 i around the cylinder in position to be uncovered by the piston near the end of its instroke.

The automatic air valve Hhas 'a connectron 29 leading to a'- partitioned compartment'30 havingthe suitable valve 31 mdunted therein and operated by cam 19 on the rod 49 and the sleeve 50, within which'rod 49 is positioned, the rod having the extremital nuts 51 to form a stop to be engaged by the end of the sleeve 50 or-the nuts 52 on the end thereof-in its upward movement, wvhich is caused by bell-crank lever53 en gaged by one of the push rods 20 or 21. It

is to be noted that the sleeve 50 has a slight initial independent movement on the rod .49 before the nuts 51 on the end thereof are engagedto move it. r

At the lower end of the enlarged bore or compartment 46, I provide'a valve seat 54 to receive a valve 55 on the lower end of sleeve 50, spring56*engagingthe valve 55 andthe stufling box to hold the parts normally in the position shown, with valve 55 on its seat 54. The intermediate portion 57 of the bore is reduced or less indiameter than bore or, compartment 46, forming a smaller compartment and havlng ,a valve 7 i seat 58' at itslower end to receive valve 59 l on the end of-rod49, which as shown exitends through'and is longer than sleeve50.

This restricted bore or compartment 57 'communicates' with the still further restricted bore or discharge opening 60 when the valve 59 is off its seat 58.; The rod 49 is provided with asuitable packing 61 for the-intermediate here or compartment, sleeve 62 holding it in place and forming a shoulder on which the lowerend of spring 63 rests, this'sp'ring embracing an intermediate part of rod 49 and engaging the underside of valve 55. 'Spring 56 is stronger than spring 63 so as to normally hold valve 55 on its seat against the pressure of spring 63. j

The lower partof rod 49 is provided with the passage 64 having ports 65 at its upper end communicating with the restricted bore or intermedlate compartment 57 between valve 55' and sleeve 62 and leading into the upper portion of said compartment. A con-- nection 66 is provided communicating with the enlarged bore '49 and adapted to receive air frointhe tank or receiver (not shown) previously referred to. e j 7 Each injector has the horizontal barrel 67,

I shown best in Fig. 10, each of which'has the bore 68, valve rod 69, stufling boxes 70 on each end, one end of the rod having adjusting nuts 71 and spring 72 for holding ea-ch valve rod 69 in the normal position shown. The end of the rod 69 of the hot water injector is engaged and moved'by a connection 73 .from the thermostat K, while the endof the rod 69 of the fuel injectorv is engaged by a connection from'the centrlfugal governor 11, this last mentioned connection including-spring held push rod 74 engaged by lever 12, bell crank lever 75 and push rod 76' (Fig. 5).

77' with the intermediate bore or compartment 57 of the vertical barrel and also com- Bore 68 com- 'municates by means of a horizontal passage municates by means of the horizontal passage 78 with the vertical bore 79, this being restricted asat 80 to form valve seat Slifor valve 82 which is-held in position by means of spring 83. This vertical bore or passage 79 communicates with another horizontal passage 84 in-the lower part of the casting, which leads into the intermediate bore or compartment 57 of the vertical barrel be low the packing 61. This horizontal passage 84 extends in the opposite direction to p a pipe connection'85- for hydrocarbon or water supply as the case may be, being normally open. Valve 86 is adapted to engage seat 87 and is forced in that direction by spring 88, but the pressure of the fuel or hot water is sufficient to keep Valve86 open until air is admitted into vertical bore or passage 79, as will be described presently, the pressure of the air assisted by the spring 88 being suflicient toforce valve 86 onto its seat. Each valve rod 69 is provided with a 8 reduced intermediate'portion 89 to establish communication between the intermediate bore or compartment 57 of the vertical barrel above the packing ring with the vertical bore or passage 79.

The operation of the injector is as follows and it is to be understood that the description refers to the water injector only, this being the one on the right in Figs. 8 and 10 and operated by cam 16. When the cam 16 through its push rod 20 actuates bell crank 53, sleeve 49 is first lifted, raising valve 55 off its seat and permitting air under pressure to pass from connection 66 mitting air to rush from vertical passage 79 through horizontal passage 84 into .the f restricted discharge opening 60, carrying water above boiling point and under pressure'with it and forcing valve 86 shut. The compressed air entering through vertical passage 79 and also verticalpassage 64 in V into the cylinder under high pressure, where in pressure. The position. ofthe valve rod 69 is determined by the thermostat K, so that the amount of air passing through the reduced portion-89 of the valve rod 69 is regulated and this obviously, controls the amount of water passing through valve .86

and forced into the cylinder. In the hydro carbon injector, the position of the valve the rod 49 atomizes thewater and forces it i I it expands or rather explodes into steam, due to the immediate and marked decrease rod 69' is determined by the governor 11 on affected by the heat of the motor, as in the exhaust pipe, combustion chamber or in the water system. I show it mounted in the pipe 23 between tank F and the cylinder and itincludes the rod 90 of brass, copper or any suitable material sensitive to heat, this rod being screwed into socket 91 at its lower end and passing through a stuffing box 92in pipe 23. Bell crank lever 93 is pivotally mounted on bracket arm 94:, one end engaging the end of push rod 73 and the other end being provided with-adjusting screw 95 engaging the end of rod 90, I pansion and contraction will change the position of lever 93 and consequently the valve rod 69 in the injector.

It will therefore be readily understood that the centrifugal governor will control the quantity of fuelrequired to maintain a given load and on fluctuation of the load I the governor admitsmore or less'fuel. For

. the temperature at which an engine can be' example, when the load is increased, more fuel is burned, more heat is generated and communicated to the thermostat K, which regulates valve rod 69. in the injector L to admit more water giving increased'steam pressure. This. causes the centrifugal governor to reduce the amount of fuelin the subsequent charges until an equilibrium is established. 7 7

It is well to mention. the fact that the steam will absorb heat from the cylinder walls and piston head, thus raising its pressure and keeping the temperature of the interior of'the cylinder practically uniform with that of the jacket water. 7 The higher andwith this'invention and apparatus, an

operating temperature may be predetermined which will only be limited by the ability of the lubricant to withstand the heat. The water valve'rod 69 which is c ontrolled by the thermostat K is regulated sothat a small quantity of water willalways be injected into the cylinder, even when starting the engine cold. Also by this construction and method ofloperation, it is impossible for any part of the piston head to become excessively hot regardless of the diameter of the same, and'it is therefore un-V necessary to water cool the piston, as is done in certain engines having pistons of large diameter. V

I disclose a modified form of air tight bearing ring in connection with the cam shaft, as shown in Fig. 5. The eccentric 111 may be used for driving an oil pump so that its ex or. other desired purpose. Against this eccentric I mount the metallic packing ring 1 112 with the cup leather washer 113 secured thereto by rivetsor the like passing through ring 115 against which flat springs 1141 bear, so as toforce the cup leather'toseal thejoi nt. The same construction is used on) the gear wheel110 sideo fthe cam shaft.

The water pump M is shown in detail in Figs. 13 and 1 1 and includes" the cylinder 115, piston 116, lift valvei117 and rotary valve 118 mounted in chamber 119 and r0- water pumped into the boiler A or back to the source of supply. The piston" 116 is reciprocated by the eccentric'link' connection 123 with gear 14 (Fig.3). 'It is to if '85 be understood that the pump is continuously operated when-the engine isrunning and that the valve 118 is positioned so that there is alwaysa" small quantityfof water being'supplied to the bottom of the boiler or other heater, so asto prevent the sudden cooling of the water in the system by the abrupt admission of a comparatively large quantity of cold water. i

It is to be understood that while I show the air valve H' as an automaticvalve,T may use a positively operated mechanical valve instead, ;and also that while I have de- 'scribed the admission of aironlythrough said valvethat gas or a mixture of air and gas' may be admitted therethrough and passed into the engine.' A gage 130 or other means. is providecl'so'that pressure may be determined; and a spark plug-131L0 1 other -'means for positive ignitionis used in case automatic ignition is not desirable;

What I claim 1s:

1." Ari-engine comprising a cylinder, a piston therein, crank shaftc'onnected tothe piston, a' cam shaft operable by'ther crank;

shaft, an air tight crank case inclosi-ng the crank shaft, an air inlet for-the cylinder, an

. automatic valve connected to the crank case and operableby pressure therein to admit air into said ease and alsoopen communication w th the air 1nlet,'a normally closed valve 'in'the latter, and meansoperable-by the cam shaft for opening the second valve after a pluralityof charges of air has been admitted mul air inlet by the automatic I valvei 2. In an internal combustion engine, a cyl supplying alcharge of combustible gas to the cylinder for certain power strokes of the piston, means for supplying a charge ofhot inder and piston operable therein, means for water into the cylinder for certain other power strokes of the piston which I alternate with the; intervals during which the gas is.

supplied, and means for supplyingascavenging charge of air to thefcylinder between I V der will be exhausted charge of gas.

the, charges of gas and hot water whereby the saturated atmosphere within the cylinprior to a succeeding 3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and piston operable therein, means for supplying a charge of combustible gas to the cylinder for certain power strokes of the piston, means for supplying a charge of hot water 1nto the cylinder for certain other power strokes of the piston which alternate with the intervals during which the gas is supplied, said charges being delivered at the start of the power strokes, and means for supplying a scavenging charge of air to the cylinder 'at the end of certain power strokes and between the charges of gas and hot water whereby the saturated atmosphere within the cylinder will be exhausted prior to a succeeding charge of gas. 7

4. In an internal combustion engine, a cyl- "'inder and 'p'istonoperable therein, means for supplying a charge of; combustible gas to the cylinder for certain power strokes of the piston, means for supplying a charge of hot water into the cylinder for certain other power strokes of the piston which alternate with the intervals during which the gas is supplied, means for supplying a scavenging chargeof air to the cylinder between the charges of gas and hot water whereby the saturated atmosphere within the cylinder will be exhausted prior to a succeeding charge of gas,an air storage chamber, means inga water jacket, and water circulating system connected to the jacket and including a tank, a pump and aheater, an automatic means for'controlling the amount of water in the system,fan exhaust valve for the cylinder, a connection leading from the exhaust valve to said heater so that the temperature of the water is raised by the heat of the exhaust gases and products of combustion, an injector for supplying alternate charges of fuel and hot, water under pressure into said cylinder, and means for admitting the hot water to the cylinder on the in-stroke of the piston whereby a low pressure will be provided within the cylinder so that the hot water instantly expands or explodes into steam, means for admitting air into said cyl-' inder at or near the completion of the steam power .or instroke of the piston to clear the cylinder of the residue of water vapor and to provide a charge of air for compression on the outstroke of the piston; a thermostat for controlling the quantity of hot waterinjected into the cylinder, a governor for controlling the amount of the fuel injected into the cylinder, and connections from said air compressor to said injector so that a supply of compressed air is delivered thereto for atomizing. thefuel and hot water and forcing thesame into the cylinder under pres.

sure.

scribed, including in combination, a cylinder, an airtight crank-case connected thereto, a piston, connecting rod, crank shaft, cam shaft, bearings for said shafts in said crank case having air-tight packing rings, a

valve for controlling the intake and dis- 6. A .mechanism of .the character decharge of a compressible fluid into and out ofsaid crank case, the'piston functioningas an air pump for the crank case, sald cylinder having a water jacket, a boiler, atank, all connected together so that watercirculates therethrough on a thermoslphon pr1nciple, a water pump, means for controlling the amount of water supplied to the-system, an exhaust valve for 'the'cylinder having a connection with-said boiler so that the hot exhaust gases, pass through the boiler an injector connected to the water system to supply hot waterto the cylinder-for every alternate power stroke and fuelfor every otheralternate stroke, means for making a connection to a source bf gas supply in case liquid fuel is not used, means for: affording positive ignition where automatic ignition through high compression is not used,,.a thermostat for controlling the amount of wa ter introduced into the cylinder andmeans for controlling the amount of fuel introduced.

enonen w. swaarz, 

